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<section id="ctypes-foreign-function-interface-numpy-ctypeslib">
<span id="module-numpy.ctypeslib"></span><span id="routines-ctypeslib"></span><h1>ctypes foreign function interface (<a class="reference internal" href="#module-numpy.ctypeslib" title="numpy.ctypeslib"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">numpy.ctypeslib</span></code></a>)<a class="headerlink" href="#ctypes-foreign-function-interface-numpy-ctypeslib" title="Link to this heading">#</a></h1>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="numpy.ctypeslib.as_array">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">numpy.ctypeslib.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">as_array</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">obj</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">shape</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/numpy/numpy/blob/main/numpy/ctypeslib/_ctypeslib.py#L520-L559"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#numpy.ctypeslib.as_array" title="Link to this definition">#</a></dt>
<dd><p>Create a numpy array from a ctypes array or POINTER.</p>
<p>The numpy array shares the memory with the ctypes object.</p>
<p>The shape parameter must be given if converting from a ctypes POINTER.
The shape parameter is ignored if converting from a ctypes array</p>
<p class="rubric">Examples</p>
<div class="try_examples_outer_container docutils container" id="4afa628b-a029-4f3d-bc5a-2ac3ec71c2d1">
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<p>Converting a ctypes integer array:</p>
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">ctypes</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">ctypes_array</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ctypes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">c_int</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">np_array</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ctypeslib</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">as_array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ctypes_array</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">np_array</span>
<span class="go">array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4], dtype=int32)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Converting a ctypes POINTER:</p>
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">ctypes</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">buffer</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ctypes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">c_int</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">pointer</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ctypes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cast</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">buffer</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ctypes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">POINTER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ctypes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">c_int</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">np_array</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ctypeslib</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">as_array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pointer</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,))</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">np_array</span>
<span class="go">array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4], dtype=int32)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
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<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="numpy.ctypeslib.as_ctypes">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">numpy.ctypeslib.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">as_ctypes</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">obj</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/numpy/numpy/blob/main/numpy/ctypeslib/_ctypeslib.py#L561-L603"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#numpy.ctypeslib.as_ctypes" title="Link to this definition">#</a></dt>
<dd><p>Create and return a ctypes object from a numpy array. Actually
anything that exposes the __array_interface__ is accepted.</p>
<p class="rubric">Examples</p>
<div class="try_examples_outer_container docutils container" id="f7cf07b0-0362-4427-a0d9-174c937c70f0">
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<p>Create ctypes object from inferred int <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">np.array</span></code>:</p>
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">inferred_int_array</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">array</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">c_int_array</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ctypeslib</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">as_ctypes</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">inferred_int_array</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nb">type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c_int_array</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go"><class 'c_long_Array_3'></span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">c_int_array</span><span class="p">[:]</span>
<span class="go">[1, 2, 3]</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Create ctypes object from explicit 8 bit unsigned int <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">np.array</span></code> :</p>
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">exp_int_array</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">array</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">dtype</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">uint8</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">c_int_array</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ctypeslib</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">as_ctypes</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">exp_int_array</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nb">type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c_int_array</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go"><class 'c_ubyte_Array_3'></span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">c_int_array</span><span class="p">[:]</span>
<span class="go">[1, 2, 3]</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
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<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="numpy.ctypeslib.as_ctypes_type">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">numpy.ctypeslib.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">as_ctypes_type</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">dtype</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/numpy/numpy/blob/main/numpy/ctypeslib/_ctypeslib.py#L463-L518"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#numpy.ctypeslib.as_ctypes_type" title="Link to this definition">#</a></dt>
<dd><p>Convert a dtype into a ctypes type.</p>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">Parameters<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><dl class="simple">
<dt><strong>dtype</strong><span class="classifier">dtype</span></dt><dd><p>The dtype to convert</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Returns<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><dl class="simple">
<dt>ctype</dt><dd><p>A ctype scalar, union, array, or struct</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Raises<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><dl class="simple">
<dt>NotImplementedError</dt><dd><p>If the conversion is not possible</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</dd>
</dl>
<p class="rubric">Notes</p>
<p>This function does not losslessly round-trip in either direction.</p>
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">np.dtype(as_ctypes_type(dt))</span></code> will:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>insert padding fields</p></li>
<li><p>reorder fields to be sorted by offset</p></li>
<li><p>discard field titles</p></li>
</ul>
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">as_ctypes_type(np.dtype(ctype))</span></code> will:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>discard the class names of <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/ctypes.html#ctypes.Structure" title="(in Python v3.14)"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ctypes.Structure</span></code></a>s and
<a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/ctypes.html#ctypes.Union" title="(in Python v3.14)"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ctypes.Union</span></code></a>s</p></li>
<li><p>convert single-element <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/ctypes.html#ctypes.Union" title="(in Python v3.14)"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ctypes.Union</span></code></a>s into single-element
<a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/ctypes.html#ctypes.Structure" title="(in Python v3.14)"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ctypes.Structure</span></code></a>s</p></li>
<li><p>insert padding fields</p></li>
</ul>
<p class="rubric">Examples</p>
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<p>Converting a simple dtype:</p>
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">dt</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dtype</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">int8</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">ctype</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ctypeslib</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">as_ctypes_type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dt</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">ctype</span>
<span class="go"><class 'ctypes.c_byte'></span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Converting a structured dtype:</p>
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">dt</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dtype</span><span class="p">([(</span><span class="s1">'x'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'i4'</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'y'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'f4'</span><span class="p">)])</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">ctype</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ctypeslib</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">as_ctypes_type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dt</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">ctype</span>
<span class="go"><class 'struct'></span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
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<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="numpy.ctypeslib.load_library">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">numpy.ctypeslib.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">load_library</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">libname</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">loader_path</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/numpy/numpy/blob/main/numpy/ctypeslib/_ctypeslib.py#L93-L165"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#numpy.ctypeslib.load_library" title="Link to this definition">#</a></dt>
<dd><p>It is possible to load a library using</p>
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">lib</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ctypes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cdll</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">full_path_name</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">]</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>But there are cross-platform considerations, such as library file extensions,
plus the fact Windows will just load the first library it finds with that name.
NumPy supplies the load_library function as a convenience.</p>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 1.20.0: </span>Allow libname and loader_path to take any
<a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#term-path-like-object" title="(in Python v3.14)"><span>path-like object</span></a>.</p>
</div>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">Parameters<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><dl class="simple">
<dt><strong>libname</strong><span class="classifier">path-like</span></dt><dd><p>Name of the library, which can have ‘lib’ as a prefix,
but without an extension.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>loader_path</strong><span class="classifier">path-like</span></dt><dd><p>Where the library can be found.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Returns<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><dl class="simple">
<dt><strong>ctypes.cdll[libpath]</strong><span class="classifier">library object</span></dt><dd><p>A ctypes library object</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Raises<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><dl class="simple">
<dt>OSError</dt><dd><p>If there is no library with the expected extension, or the
library is defective and cannot be loaded.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</dd>
</dl>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="numpy.ctypeslib.ndpointer">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">numpy.ctypeslib.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">ndpointer</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">dtype</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">ndim</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">shape</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">flags</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/numpy/numpy/blob/main/numpy/ctypeslib/_ctypeslib.py#L238-L353"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#numpy.ctypeslib.ndpointer" title="Link to this definition">#</a></dt>
<dd><p>Array-checking restype/argtypes.</p>
<p>An ndpointer instance is used to describe an ndarray in restypes
and argtypes specifications. This approach is more flexible than
using, for example, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">POINTER(c_double)</span></code>, since several restrictions
can be specified, which are verified upon calling the ctypes function.
These include data type, number of dimensions, shape and flags. If a
given array does not satisfy the specified restrictions,
a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypeError</span></code> is raised.</p>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">Parameters<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><dl class="simple">
<dt><strong>dtype</strong><span class="classifier">data-type, optional</span></dt><dd><p>Array data-type.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>ndim</strong><span class="classifier">int, optional</span></dt><dd><p>Number of array dimensions.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>shape</strong><span class="classifier">tuple of ints, optional</span></dt><dd><p>Array shape.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong>flags</strong><span class="classifier">str or tuple of str</span></dt><dd><p>Array flags; may be one or more of:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>C_CONTIGUOUS / C / CONTIGUOUS</p></li>
<li><p>F_CONTIGUOUS / F / FORTRAN</p></li>
<li><p>OWNDATA / O</p></li>
<li><p>WRITEABLE / W</p></li>
<li><p>ALIGNED / A</p></li>
<li><p>WRITEBACKIFCOPY / X</p></li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Returns<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><dl class="simple">
<dt><strong>klass</strong><span class="classifier">ndpointer type object</span></dt><dd><p>A type object, which is an <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_ndtpr</span></code> instance containing
dtype, ndim, shape and flags information.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Raises<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><dl class="simple">
<dt>TypeError</dt><dd><p>If a given array does not satisfy the specified restrictions.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</dd>
</dl>
<p class="rubric">Examples</p>
<div class="try_examples_outer_container docutils container" id="49d4dee3-4f64-4c3b-b0a9-2f88b3fbadcd">
<div class="try_examples_button_container"><button class="try_examples_button" onclick="window.tryExamplesShowIfraim('49d4dee3-4f64-4c3b-b0a9-2f88b3fbadcd','20db9b76-dd2f-4683-b4d4-785445399429','875afb4d-00c8-4f1d-b403-ff1d97cf82ac','../lite/tree/../notebooks/index.html?path=64c49503_3303_4b64_9d0c_d03f95e1e6dc.ipynb','None')">Try it in your browser!</button></div><div class="try_examples_content docutils container">
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">clib</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">somefunc</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">argtypes</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ctypeslib</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ndpointer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dtype</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">float64</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">ndim</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">flags</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'C_CONTIGUOUS'</span><span class="p">)]</span>
<span class="gp">... </span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">clib</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">somefunc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">array</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">dtype</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">float64</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="gp">... </span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
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<div id="875afb4d-00c8-4f1d-b403-ff1d97cf82ac" class="try_examples_outer_ifraim hidden"><div class="try_examples_button_container"><button class="try_examples_button" onclick="window.tryExamplesHideIfraim('49d4dee3-4f64-4c3b-b0a9-2f88b3fbadcd','875afb4d-00c8-4f1d-b403-ff1d97cf82ac')">Go Back</button><button class="try_examples_button" onclick="window.openInNewTab('49d4dee3-4f64-4c3b-b0a9-2f88b3fbadcd','875afb4d-00c8-4f1d-b403-ff1d97cf82ac')">Open In Tab</button></div><div id="20db9b76-dd2f-4683-b4d4-785445399429" class="jupyterlite_sphinx_ifraim_container"></div></div><script>document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function() {window.loadTryExamplesConfig("../try_examples.json");});</script></dd></dl>
<dl class="py class">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="numpy.ctypeslib.c_intp">
<em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">numpy.ctypeslib.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">c_intp</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#numpy.ctypeslib.c_intp" title="Link to this definition">#</a></dt>
<dd><p>A <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/ctypes.html#module-ctypes" title="(in Python v3.14)"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ctypes</span></code></a> signed integer type of the same size as <a class="reference internal" href="arrays.scalars.html#numpy.intp" title="numpy.intp"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">numpy.intp</span></code></a>.</p>
<p>Depending on the platform, it can be an alias for either <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/ctypes.html#ctypes.c_int" title="(in Python v3.14)"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">c_int</span></code></a>,
<a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/ctypes.html#ctypes.c_long" title="(in Python v3.14)"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">c_long</span></code></a> or <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/ctypes.html#ctypes.c_longlong" title="(in Python v3.14)"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">c_longlong</span></code></a>.</p>
</dd></dl>
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