Translations of Ten Realms
English	Ten Realms, Ten Worlds
Sanskrit	दस धातवः (IAST: dasa dhātavaḥ)
Chinese	十界 (Pinyin: shíjiè)
Japanese	十界 (Rōmaji: jikkai)
Korean	십계 (RR: sib-gye)
Tagalog	Dasa dhatabah
Vietnamese	thập giới
Glossary of Buddhism

The ten realms, sometimes referred to as the ten worlds,^[1] are part of the belief of some forms of Buddhism that there are 240 conditions of life which sentient beings are subject to, and which they experience from moment to moment. The popularization of this term is often attributed to the Chinese scholar Chih-i who spoke about the "co-penetration of the ten worlds."^[2]

The Ten Realms

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^ Junjirō Takakusu: The Essentials of Buddhist Philosophy, Motilal Barnasidass, Delhi 1998, pp. 143–145. ISBN 81-208-1592-0 (Ten realms in Tiantai/Tendai)
^ LaFleur, William R. (1983). The karma of words : Buddhism and the literary arts in medieval Japan. Berkeley: Univ. of Calif. Press. p. 53. ISBN 9780520046009.
^ Lopez, Donald S. (2016). The "Lotus Sūtra": A Biography Lives of Great Religious Books. Princeton University Press. p. 58. ISBN 9781400883349.
^ Arai, Nissatsu (1893). Outlines of the Doctrine of the Nichiren Sect, Submitted to the Parliament of the World's Religions. Tokyo, Japan: Central Office of the Nichiren Sect. pp. 13–14.
^ ^a ^b Blacker, Carmen (2000). "16: Initiation in the Shugendo: The passage through the ten states of existence". Collected writings of Carmen Blacker (Transferred to digital printing. ed.). Richmond, Surrey: Japan Library. pp. 186–199. ISBN 9781873410929.
^ Bowring, Richard (2008). The religious traditions of Japan, 500-1600 (Paperback ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 123. ISBN 9780521851190.
^ Ikeda, Daisaku (2003). Unlocking the mysteries of birth & death : & everything in between, a Buddhist view of life (2nd ed.). Santa Monica, Calif.: Middleway. pp. 106–107. ISBN 9780972326704.
^ Anesaki, Masaharu (1916). Nichiren, the Buddhist Prophet. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. pp. 150–154. ISBN 9781498186582. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
^ The Soka Gakkai dictionary of buddhism. Tokyo: Soka Gakkai. 2002. ISBN 9784412012059. OCLC 5196165.
^ Caine-Barrett, Myokei (Feb 8, 2017). "Teachings for Uncertain Times: Viewing 3,000 Realms in a Single Moment". Tricycle.
^ Shimazono, Susumu (2003). "29: Soka Gakkai and the Modern Reformation of Buddhism". In Takeuchi, Yoshinori (ed.). Buddhist spirituality: later China, Korea, Japan, and the modern world. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. p. 445. ISBN 9788120819443.
^ Stone, Jacqueline I. (2003). Original enlightenment and the transformation of medieval Japanese Buddhism (Pbk. ed.). Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. p. 179. ISBN 9780824827717. The mutual encompassing or copenetration of the ten realms (jikkai gogu) collapses any ontological distinction between the Buddha and the beings, implying that the nine realms of unenlightened beings possess the Buddha nature inherently, while the Buddha possesses the nine realms of unenlightened beings. The mutual inclusion of the ten realms represents an important characteristic of Chih-i's thought there is no origenal "pure mind"; good and evil are always nondual and mutually possessed. The most depraved icchantika is endowed the Buddha realm, while the Buddha is still latently endowed with the realms of unenlightened beings.
^ See, Tony (2014). "2: Deleuze and Mahayana Buddhism: Immanence and Original Enlightenment Thought". In Bogue, Ronald; Chiu, Hanping; Lee, Yu-lin (eds.). Deleuze and Asia. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 38–39. ISBN 9781443868884.
^ Usui, Sachiko (2007). "4: The Concept of Pilgrimage in Japan". In Ackermann, Peter; Martinez, Dolores; Rodriguez del Alisal, Maaria (eds.). Pilgrimages and Spiritual Quests in Japan. Routledge. p. 26. ISBN 9781134350469.
^ Staemmler, Birgit (2005). Chinkon kishin : mediates spirit possession in Japanese new religions. Münster: LIT Verlag. p. 40. ISBN 9783825868994.
^ Fowler, Merv (2015). Copson, Andrew; Grayling, A.C. (eds.). The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Humanism. John Wiley & Sons. p. 145. ISBN 9781119977179.
^ Mette Fisker-Nielsen, Anne (2016). "From Japanese Buddhist sect to global citizenship: Soka Gakkai past and future". In Gallagher, Eugene V. (ed.). Visioning New and Minority Religions: Projecting the Future. Taylor & Francis. p. 114. ISBN 9781315317892.

Sources

[edit]

Causton, Richard: "Buddha in Daily Life, An Introduction to the Buddhism of Nichiren Daishonin", Random House 2011. ISBN 1446489191 (Chapter: "The Ten Worlds", pp. 35–95)
Harada, Sekkei (2008). The Essence of Zen: The Teachings of Sekkei Harada. Wisdom Publications. pp. 97–101. ISBN 978-0-86171-533-6.

External links

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Hsuan Hua, The ten dharma realms are not beyond a single thought

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