IEEE Spectrum is the flagship publication of the IEEE — the world’s largest professional organization devoted to engineering and applied sciences. Our articles, podcasts, and infographics inform our readers about developments in technology, engineering, and science.
Enjoy more free content and benefits by creating an account
Saving articles to read later requires an IEEE Spectrum account
The Institute content is only available for members
Downloading full PDF issues is exclusive for IEEE Members
Downloading this e-book is exclusive for IEEE Members
Access to
Spectrum
's Digital Edition is exclusive for IEEE Members
Following topics is a feature exclusive for IEEE Members
Adding your response to an article requires an IEEE Spectrum account
Create an account to access more content and features on
IEEE Spectrum
, including the ability to save articles to read later, download Spectrum Collections, and participate in
conversations with readers and editors. For more exclusive content and features, consider
Joining IEEE
.
Join the world’s largest professional organization devoted to engineering and applied sciences and get access to
all of Spectrum’s articles, archives, PDF downloads, and other benefits.
Learn more about IEEE →
Join the world’s largest professional organization devoted to engineering and applied sciences and get access to
this e-book plus all of
IEEE Spectrum’s
articles, archives, PDF downloads, and other benefits.
Learn more about IEEE →
Create an account and get exclusive content and features: Save articles, download collections, and
talk to tech insiders — all free! For full access and benefits,
join IEEE as a paying member.
AILuminate aims to create an industry standard for large language model safety
16 Dec 2024
4 min read
Download IEEE’s 140th Anniversary Book
This 144-page e-book features 34 vital breakthroughs in electrotechnology, ranging from Maxwell’s Equations in 1864 to modern day Transformer Neural Networks. Sign in or create a FREE account to get your copy now!