Fig. 5: Mechanisms for the contrasting evolution of temperature variability in high latitudes and the tropics. | Nature Communications

Fig. 5: Mechanisms for the contrasting evolution of temperature variability in high latitudes and the tropics.

From: Large-scale emergence of regional changes in year-to-year temperature variability by the end of the 21st century

Fig. 5

Relationship between annual mean Northern Hemisphere sea ice area and a 60–90°N mean temperature, and b 60–90°N temperature variability from 1850 to 2100 for the SMILEs (coloured) and, in a compared to observations (HadISST2 sea ice area vs. NOAA-20C, black). Each dot represents a single year and time runs from bottom right to top left in a and from top right to bottom left in (b). c Ratio of changes in the Bowen ratio (sensible vs. latent heat) between 2090–2099 and 1950–1959 and d changes in the ratio of temperature variability over land between 2090–2099 and 1950–1959 averaged across SMILEs forced with historical emissions and emission scenarios SSP5-8.5 or RCP8.5. Stippling in c and d marks significant changes at a 5% level based on an F-test. A high Bowen ratio indicates semi-arid landscapes and deserts, whereas a low Bowen ratio indicates tropical or temperate forests. Individual model results are shown in Supplementary Fig. 8.

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