adding more type checking into the library

This will add typing information since pygit2 stubs is obsolete at python/typeshed#12785
Also others list at the tasks:

Tasks/TODO

• Add typing to pygit2/_pygit2.pyi
• Add pygit2/_libgit2.pyi
• Add typing to pygit2/settings.py
• Add typing to pygit2/init.py
• Add typing to pygit2/errors.py
• Add typing to pygit2/remotes.py
• Add typing to pygit2/submodules.py
• Add typing to pygit2/packbuilder.py
• Add typing to pygit2/refspec.py
• Add typing to pygit2/callbacks.py
• Add typing to pygit2/repository.py
• Add typing to pygit2/branches.py
• Add typing to pygit2/utils.py
• Add typing to pygit2/credentials.py
• Add typing to pygit2/enums.py
• Add typing to pygit2/_run.py
• Add typing to pygit2/references.py
• Add typing to pygit2/config.py
• Add typing to pygit2/_build.py
• Add typing to pygit2/legacyenums.py
• Add typing to pygit2/ffi.py
• Add typing to pygit2/blame.py
• Add typing to pygit2/blob.py
• Add typing to pygit2/index.py
• Add more ruff configuration
• Lint and format using ruff
• Add pyright configuration for type checking
• Add more GitHub Actions workflows
• Maybe update docs