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<section id="cross-compilation">
<h1>Cross compilation<a class="headerlink" href="#cross-compilation" title="Link to this heading">#</a></h1>
<p>Cross compilation is a complex topic, we only add some hopefully helpful hints
here (for now). As of May 2025, cross-compilation with a Meson cross file as
well as cross-compilation based on <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">crossenv</span></code> are known to work. Conda-forge
uses the latter method. Cross-compilation without <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">crossenv</span></code> requires passing
build options to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">meson</span> <span class="pre">setup</span></code> via <a class="reference external" href="https://meson-python.readthedocs.io/en/latest/how-to-guides/meson-args.html">meson-python</a>.</p>
<p>All distributions that are known to successfully cross compile NumPy are using
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">python</span> <span class="pre">-m</span> <span class="pre">build</span></code> (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pypa/build</span></code>), but using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pip</span></code> for that should be
possible as well. Here are links to the NumPy “build recipes” on those
distros:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/void-linux/void-packages/blob/master/srcpkgs/python3-numpy/template">Void Linux</a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/tree/master/pkgs/development/python-modules/numpy">Nix</a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/conda-forge/numpy-feedstock/blob/main/recipe/build.sh">Conda-forge</a></p></li>
</ul>
<p>See also <a class="reference external" href="https://mesonbuild.com/Cross-compilation.html">Meson’s documentation on cross compilation</a> to learn what options you
may need to pass to Meson to successfully cross compile.</p>
<p>One possible hiccup is that the build requires running a compiled executable in
order to determine the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">long</span> <span class="pre">double</span></code> format for the host platform. This may be
an obstacle, since it requires <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">crossenv</span></code> or QEMU to run the host (cross)
Python. To avoid this problem, specify the paths to the relevant directories in
your <em>cross file</em>:</p>
<div class="highlight-ini notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">[properties]</span>
<span class="na">longdouble_format</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">'IEEE_DOUBLE_LE'</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>For an example of a cross file needed to cross-compile NumPy, see
<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/numpy/numpy/issues/28861#issuecomment-2844257091">numpy#288861</a>.
Putting that together, invoking a cross build with such a cross file, looks like:</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$<span class="w"> </span>python<span class="w"> </span>-m<span class="w"> </span>build<span class="w"> </span>--wheel<span class="w"> </span>-Csetup-args<span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"--cross-file=aarch64-myos-cross-file.txt"</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>For more details and the current status around cross compilation, see:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>The state of cross compilation in Python:
<a class="reference external" href="https://pypackaging-native.github.io/key-issues/cross_compilation/">pypackaging-native key issue page</a></p></li>
<li><p>The <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/numpy/numpy/issues?q=state%3Aclosed%20label%3A%2238%20-%20Cross%20compilation%22">set of NumPy issues with the “Cross compilation” label</a></p></li>
<li><p>Tracking issue for SciPy cross-compilation needs and issues:
<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/scipy/scipy/issues/14812">scipy#14812</a></p></li>
</ul>
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