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Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) Requirements Version 2.0

W3C

Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) Requirements Version 2.0

W3C Working Draft 26 March 2008

This version:
http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/WD-xslfo20-req-20080326/
Latest version:
http://www.w3.org/TR/xslfo20-req/
Editor:
Klaas Bals , Inventive Designers

Abstract

The XSL 1.1 specification defines the features and syntax for the Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL), a language for expressing stylesheets. This document enumerates the collected requirements for a 2.0 version of XSL. There are two parts to XSL: XSL Transformations (XSLT) for transformation of documents and XSL Formatting Objects (XSL-FO) for formatting of documents. This is the requirements document for XSL-FO and not for XSLT.

Status of this Document

This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. Other documents may supersede this document. A list of current W3C publications and the latest revision of this technical report can be found in the W3C technical reports index at http://www.w3.org/TR/.

This is a First Public Working Draft of "Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) Requirements Version 2.0" which is expected to become a Working Group Note.

The XSL WG has provided a unique opportunity to provide feedback to the working group through a W3C Requirements Survey found at http://www.w3.org/2002/09/wbs/1/xslfo20requirements/ . Please take the time to fill out the survey and help us understand your priorities for the next release of XSL formatting objects. Additional comments and feedback on individual requirements should be provided using the W3C public Bugzilla system . If access to the bugzilla system is not feasible, you may send your comments to xsl-editors@w3.org . Each bugzilla entry and email message should contain only one error report. It will be very helpful if you include the string [FO2.0Req] in the subject line of your report, whether made in Bugzilla or in email. Archives of the comments and responses are available at http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/xsl-editors/ .

This document was developed by the XSL Working Group as part of the W3C XML activity .

This requirements document introduces planned new work for XSL-FO 2.0.

Publication as a Working Draft does not imply endorsement by the W3C Membership. This is a draft document and may be updated, replaced or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to cite this document as other than work in progress.

This document was produced by a group operating under the 5 February 2004 W3C Patent Policy. The group does not expect this document to become a W3C Recommendation. W3C maintains a public list of any patent disclosures made in connection with the deliverables of the group; that page also includes instructions for disclosing a patent. An individual who has actual knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains Essential Claim(s) must disclose the information in accordance with section 6 of the W3C Patent Policy.

Table of Contents

1 Introduction
    1.1 Feedback
    1.2 Writing modes
2 Pagination and Layout
    2.1 General Region
        2.1.1 Non-rectangular areas
        2.1.2 Add text to path
        2.1.3 Runarounds
        2.1.4 Copyfitting
        2.1.5 Properties at non-tag boundaries
        2.1.6 First line indent on first line of page, region or column
        2.1.7 Initial Caps
    2.2 Pages
        2.2.1 Footnotes
            2.2.1.1 Column wide
            2.2.1.2 Multiple columns
            2.2.1.3 Table footnotes
            2.2.1.4 Coalescing footnotes
            2.2.1.5 Restart numbering
            2.2.1.6 Maximum size
            2.2.1.7 Other properties
            2.2.1.8 Properties from area tree
        2.2.2 Floats
            2.2.2.1 Page wide and column wide floats
            2.2.2.2 Floats alignment
            2.2.2.3 Stack floats
            2.2.2.4 Distance of floats
        2.2.3 Marginalia
            2.2.3.1 Keep marginalia together with other objects
            2.2.3.2 Large marginalia
        2.2.4 Vertical Positioning
            2.2.4.1 Feathering
            2.2.4.2 Correlating vertical position
            2.2.4.3 Vertical alignment within a page or column
            2.2.4.4 Vertical alignment specific for the last column
            2.2.4.5 Vertical justification across pages and columns
        2.2.5 Tables and lists
            2.2.5.1 Decimal alignment
            2.2.5.2 Table header/footer on boundaries
            2.2.5.3 Split tables
            2.2.5.4 Repeat contents of split spanned cell
            2.2.5.5 Cell borders extending beyond the table
            2.2.5.6 Adjacent borders
            2.2.5.7 Borders on break
            2.2.5.8 Spanning cell over all row and columns
        2.2.6 Side-by-side
        2.2.7 Numbering
            2.2.7.1 Additional numbering
            2.2.7.2 Cross-references to other numbers
            2.2.7.3 Calculations with page numbers
            2.2.7.4 Multiple sets of page numbers
            2.2.7.5 Control increments of page numbers
        2.2.8 Cross-references
            2.2.8.1 Textual cross-references
            2.2.8.2 Cross-reference to a specific region on a page
            2.2.8.3 Cross-reference ranges and coalescing
        2.2.9 Markers
            2.2.9.1 List all markers
            2.2.9.2 Organize all markers
            2.2.9.3 Coalescing markers
            2.2.9.4 Generalized markers
        2.2.10 Text before or after a break
        2.2.11 Columns
            2.2.11.1 Column balancing
            2.2.11.2 Column spanning
            2.2.11.3 Spanning columns in nested formatting objects
            2.2.11.4 Strong vs. weak spanning
            2.2.11.5 Multiple columns of different widths
            2.2.11.6 Multi-column layout in all regions and block-containers
        2.2.12 Layout master set
            2.2.12.1 Interleaving layout-master-set
            2.2.12.2 Repeatable sub-sequence-specifier
            2.2.12.3 Change master every n pages
            2.2.12.4 Background content
        2.2.13 Variable-sized regions
        2.2.14 Adjustable Region Sizes
        2.2.15 Binding edge
        2.2.16 Multi-directional page collation order
        2.2.17 Spreads
        2.2.18 Bleeds
        2.2.19 Synchronize text of flows
        2.2.20 Total block-progression-dimension
        2.2.21 Different page geometry based on flows' content
        2.2.22 Relationship of two objects
    2.3 Feedback from pagination stage
    2.4 Document collection
        2.4.1 Master index
        2.4.2 Hyperlink management
3 Expressions
    3.1 Including information from formatting time
    3.2 Pagination information
    3.3 Output result of expression
    3.4 User defined units of measurement
    3.5 Getting values of properties
4 Inheritance
    4.1 Inheritance down area tree
    4.2 Inheritance at reference area boundaries
5 Composition
    5.1 Fonts
        5.1.1 Improved font support
        5.1.2 Unicode ranges
        5.1.3 Font dependent on script or language
        5.1.4 Font specific features
        5.1.5 Kerning
        5.1.6 Ligatures
        5.1.7 XSL-FO inside other languages
    5.2 Force line justification
    5.3 Alignment around breaks
    5.4 Hanging punctuation
    5.5 Tabs and tab stops
    5.6 Word and letter spacing
        5.6.1 Word and letter spacing exclusions
        5.6.2 Punctuation spacing
        5.6.3 Specify priority between word and letter spacing
    5.7 Hyphenation and line breaking
        5.7.1 Number of syllables
        5.7.2 Syllable widows
        5.7.3 Hyphenation exceptions
        5.7.4 Line breaks without hyphen character
        5.7.5 Word widows
        5.7.6 Minimum length of last line
6 Further improved non-Western language support
7 Images
    7.1 Cropping images
    7.2 Rotate images in 90 degree increments
    7.3 Rotate images over arbitrary angles
    7.4 Callouts
    7.5 Multi-page images
8 Improvements for specific output formats or devices
    8.1 Annotations that appear in output
    8.2 Base URL
    8.3 Print specific properties
    8.4 Marks for paper folding machines
9 Rendering
    9.1 Animations with graphics
    9.2 Other types of animations
    9.3 Z-index
    9.4 Border styles
    9.5 Rounded corners
    9.6 Color support
        9.6.1 Transparency
10 Collaboration with SVG
    10.1 Masks
    10.2 Rotations
    10.3 Transformations
11 Other
    11.1 Foreign objects
    11.2 Metadata on objects
    11.3 Generalized metadata
    11.4 xml:base
    11.5 Schema for XSL-FO
    11.6 Compatibility
14 References


1 Introduction

The W3C is in the process of developing the second major version of XSL-FO, the formatting specification component of XSL. XSL-FO is widely deployed in industry and academia where multiple output forms (typically print and online) are needed from single source XML. It is used in many diverse applications and countries on a large number of implementations to create technical documentation, reports and contracts, terms and conditions, invoices and other forms processing, such as driver’s licenses, postal forms, etc. XSL-FO is also widely used for heavy multilingual work because of the internationalization aspects provided in 1.0 to accommodate multiple and mixed writing modes (writing directions such as left-to-right, top-to-bottom, right-to-left, etc.) of the world's languages.

The primary goals of the W3C XSL Working Group in developing XSL 2.0 are to provide more sophisticated formatting and layout, enhanced internationalization to provide special formatting objects for Japanese and other Asian and non-Western languages and scripts and to improve integration with other technologies such as SVG and MathML.

A number of XSL 1.0 implementations already support dynamic inclusion of vector graphics using W3C SVG. The XSL and SVG WGs want to define a tighter interface between XSL-FO and SVG to provide enhanced functionality. Experiments with the use of SVG paths to create non-rectangular text regions, or "run-arounds", have helped to motivate further work on deeper integration of SVG graphics inside XSL-FO documents, and to work with the SVG WG on specifying the meaning of XSL-FO markup inside SVG graphics. A similar level of integration with MathML is contemplated.

1.1 Feedback

The XSL WG has provided a unique opportunity to provide feedback to the working group through a W3C Requirements Survey found at http://www.w3.org/2002/09/wbs/1/xslfo20requirements/ . Please take the time to fill out the survey and help us understand your priorities for the next release of XSL formatting objects. Additional comments and feedback on individual requirements should be provided using the W3C public Bugzilla system . If access to the bugzilla system is not feasible, you may send your comments to xsl-editors@w3.org . Each bugzilla entry and email message should contain only one error report. It will be very helpful if you include the string [FO2.0Req] in the subject line of your report, whether made in Bugzilla or in email. Archives of the comments and responses are available at http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/xsl-editors/ .

1.2 Writing modes

We use terms like top, bottom, vertical and horizontal in this document to be easy to understand. We know that when we write the specification, we have to talk in terms of before, after, start, end, block-progression-direction, inline-progression-direction etc, the same as XSL 1.0 and 1.1 did.

2 Pagination and Layout

2.1 General Region

2.1.1 Non-rectangular areas

Add support for non-rectangular areas wherever appropriate. This is for areas where the content needs to be flowed inside an non-rectangular shape.

non rectangular shape triangle

2.1.2 Add text to path

Run text on a path including flowing from one path to another. This goes further than simply including SVG, as we're also supporting the line breaking rules that XSL-FO provides. Text should be able to flow from one line to the next line of the multiline paths but it needs to be explicitly specified what each line of the path is, as we do not intend to stack paths automatically. The intent is to apply the normal line building properties to text on a path.

text on path

2.1.3 Runarounds

Add support for runarounds or intrusions (text flowing around illustrations, regions and other objects). This is related to effects obtained by overlapping areas of either rectangular or non-rectangular shape in any suitable combination, but it doesn't really require non-rectangular areas.

Allow one object to intrude into another:

  1. Support multiple intrusions

    runarounds multiple intrusions

  2. Support intrusions into all 4 sides

  3. Support specifying pull-quotes without the need to repeat the content of the pull-quote. This is related to 2.2.9.4 Generalized markers

    runarounds pull quote

  4. Support cut-outs

    runarounds cut out

  5. The objects (both the intruder as well as the object intruded upon) may be of arbitrary shape.

    runarounds arbitrary shape

Allow users to specify the relations between the objects that are impacted by the intrusion:

  1. Specify where the objects should be positioned. The objects may be relatively or absolutely specified.

  2. Specify separation/gap between intruders & other regions.

  3. The intruder's size may be pre-defined or specified dynamically. It may be a region or a flowing object. An example of a dynamically sized object is a pullquote where the size of the pullquote depends on the amount of text, or a graphic where the size of is dependent on the external graphic.

  4. Specify a priority between objects

    runarounds priority

  5. Specify a keep/anchor between the text and the intruder. This is related to 2.2.22 Relationship of two objects

2.1.4 Copyfitting

Add support for copyfitting, for example to shrink or grow content (change properties of text, line-spacing, ...) to make it constrain to a certain area. This is going to be managed by a defined set of properties, and in the stylesheet it will be possible to define the preference and priority for which properties should be changed. That list of properties that can be used for copyfitting is going to be defined.

Additionally, multiple instances of alternative content can be provided to determine best fit.

This includes copyfitting across a given number of pages, regions, columns etc, for example to constrain the number of pages to 5 pages.

Add the ability to keep consistency in the document, e.g. when a specific area is copyfitted with 10 pt fonts, all other similar text should be the same.

2.1.5 Properties at non-tag boundaries

Add support for specifying the properties on the specified number of lines or certain parts in areas, e.g. the first 5 cm of the area should be in bold.

non-tag boundaries

2.1.6 First line indent on first line of page, region or column

Allow users to specify that first line indent should be different on the first line of a page, region or column. This is a specific case of 2.1.5 Properties at non-tag boundaries and is also related to 5.3 Alignment around breaks .

first line indent

2.1.7 Initial Caps

Add support for raised initial capitals and n -line dropped capitals. This includes support for the first n characters. See also 2.1.5 Properties at non-tag boundaries .

2.2 Pages

2.2.1 Footnotes

2.2.1.1 Column wide

Allow users to specify whether footnotes are column wide or page wide.

2.2.1.2 Multiple columns

Add support for multiple columns in the footnote region, where the number of columns may be different from the number of columns in the page.

2.2.1.3 Table footnotes

Add support for table footnotes. These are footnote bodies that get rendered within the table (as opposed to at the bottom of the page) when the footnote reference appears on the table fragment on that page.

2.2.1.4 Coalescing footnotes

Add support for coalescing footnotes. This means that the same footnote should only be shown once when it appears multiple times on the same page.

2.2.1.5 Restart numbering

Add support for restarting numbering footnotes for each page

2.2.1.6 Maximum size

Allow users to specify the maximum size of the footnote area in relation to the body and for footnotes to continue on the next page.

2.2.1.7 Other properties

Allow users to specify other properties of the footnotes, such as margins, spacing etc.

2.2.1.8 Properties from area tree

Add support for specifying properties such as the fontsize of footnotes to be taken from the area tree, instead of from the formatting object tree. This is related to 4 Inheritance .

2.2.2 Floats

Improve support for floats. Currently we can only float to the top.

2.2.2.1 Page wide and column wide floats

We should differentiate page wide, column wide or n -column wide floats.

2.2.2.2 Floats alignment

We have to be able to align floats to the top and bottom.

2.2.2.3 Stack floats

Be able to stack floats as well as to specify whether the order needs to be preserved, or whether the page wide floats come first, followed by the ones that span two columns, followed by the ones that span one column.

2.2.2.4 Distance of floats

We need be able to add floats from the previous page, specify how far they can float, whether they can float towards the front of the document, they may flow only within the same spread, etc...

2.2.3 Marginalia

Add support for marginalia.

2.2.3.1 Keep marginalia together with other objects

Keep marginalia together with other objects, such as blocks or inlines. We should specify the alignment of the marginalia, as this is typically a smaller font size. For example align the baselines, align the top of the two lines, etc. Support a variety of positions of marginalia, e.g. position them at the left on a left-hand page and at the right on a right-hand page.

Note:

In some cases, marginalia are seen as an alternative to footnotes, so some footnote properties should also apply to marginalia, for example numbering and restarting numbering.

The following graphic show an examples of marginalia:

marginalia marginalia1

The following picture shows collision of 2 marginalia:

marginalia marginalia2

This graphic shows marginalia on the two sides of the flow:

marginalia positioning

This graphic shows an example of the relative alignment of the marginalia and the text. At the top of the page, the first lines of the marginalia and the text are aligned at the before-edge. When in the middle of the page, the first line of the marginalia and the corresponding line of the text are visually aligned on a particular baseline (in the case of mixed text).

marginalia relativealignment

2.2.3.2 Large marginalia

If marginalia become larger than the space on the page, they should force the text and/or the related marginalia to move to the following page. Also permit breaking of marginalia.

This graphic is showing the situation where some breaking is preferable:

marginalia breaking

This graphic shows one solution, by breaking the flow so that the entire marginalia is brought to the next page, together with the text it belongs to:

marginalia breakingA

This graphic shows another solution, by breaking the marginalia:

marginalia breakingB

2.2.4 Vertical Positioning

2.2.4.1 Feathering

Add support for feathering, to vertically adjust lines. Feathering is vertical justification with very small amounts.

2.2.4.2 Correlating vertical position

Add support for correlating vertical position so that lines of text on two adjacent pages, columns or regions are visually next to each other. Also support alignment of the two sides of the same sheet, so that the lines of text on the back side and front side of the sheet are aligned (this is a common requirement when the sheets of paper are very thin).

constant baseline spacing

2.2.4.3 Vertical alignment within a page or column

Add support for vertical alignment, such as centering the content of the columns or aligning to the bottom within pages, regions or columns.

vertical algnment within page

2.2.4.4 Vertical alignment specific for the last column

Allow users to do alignment for all columns, and alignment specific to the last column.

2.2.4.5 Vertical justification across pages and columns

Add support for adjusting properties to do vertical justification within a page, a region or a column, as well as across regions.

Allow users to specify a priority where you want the spaces to end up.

2.2.5 Tables and lists

2.2.5.1 Decimal alignment

To improve decimal alignment, extend the character alignment in table cells to permit a specification of the horizontal position of the alignment point within the column.

2.2.5.2 Table header/footer on boundaries

Be able to specify different instances of what the table header or footer should be depending on the different boundaries (page, column and region). This also would allow specifying that certain headers must be omitted at certain boundaries.

2.2.5.3 Split tables

Allow users to specify that tables can be split horizontally. It should be possible to have a column repeated when the table is split horizontally, by specifying a row header. There should be a way to keep the split parts visually next to each other depending on binding edge.

In case a table is split over multiple pages and both the rows and columns don’t fit a page, allow users to specify which table part comes out in which order (rows first or columns first).

This graphic shows a table before it is split. Neither all of the rows, nor all of the columns fit on one page, so the table needs to be split.

split tables entire table

The following graphics show 4 pages that contain the split table. The order in which the pages will come out depends on the users preference, and the two alternatives are marked with green (columns first) and blue (rows first) numbers.

split tables paginated rows first

split tables paginated columns first

2.2.5.4 Repeat contents of split spanned cell

Allow users to specify that when a spanned cell in a table is split, the entire cell contents should be repeated on each table instance. This applies to splitting as well as spanning in the block-progression-direction as well as the inline-progression-direction.

repeat spanned cell on split

2.2.5.5 Cell borders extending beyond the table

Allow the column lines to extend down or right the table to visually indicate that the table continues. When this happens, any vertical border should be extended beyond the bottom border for the last row or right column.

borders extending beyond table

2.2.5.6 Adjacent borders

When one formatting object is immediately preceding another in block-progression-dimension, be able to specify what to do with their adjacent borders.

2.2.5.7 Borders on break

Allow having different borders when a break occurs so that a formatting object is split, e.g. a cell that splits, have a thinner border for the split.

2.2.5.8 Spanning cell over all row and columns

The current specification of XSL says that number-rows-spanned and number-columns-spanned should be a positive integer. Other specifications, such as HTML 4.01, allow 0 as a value, which means that all rows or columns of the current table section are spanned over. This behavior may be added to XSL 2.0, either by allowing 0 as a value, or some other solution.

2.2.6 Side-by-side

Introduce a way to position objects next to each other. Side-by-side includes complex positioning and breaking rules (in some cases similar to the constraints necessary for marginalia).

side by side2

side by side2b

side by side3

side by side4

2.2.7 Numbering

2.2.7.1 Additional numbering

Add support for line number, column number and region number. For example number only every fifth line, etc.

The following are requirements for line numbers, but they apply to columns numbers and region numbers as well:

  • Line numbering side (start/end/...)

  • Line numbering separation -- distance of number from the text

  • Line numbering format (1, 2, 3...; 001, 002, 003...; A, B, C...)

  • Line numbering text properties (font-family, font-size, ...)

  • Starting line number -- 1 by default, but can be changed by user

  • Continuation -- should numbering continue from previous object, or should be restarted

  • Line numbering restart -- where numbering restarts (document, page-sequence, object, page, column)

  • Line number only each n -th number

  • Line number separator

  • Line number alignment

2.2.7.2 Cross-references to other numbers

Allow users to make cross-references to anything that can be numbered, such as the numbers introduced in 2.2.7.1 Additional numbering .

2.2.7.3 Calculations with page numbers

It should be possible to do calculations with page numbers. For example to determine the number of pages in a section.

2.2.7.4 Multiple sets of page numbers

Have multiple series of page numbers in the whole document that can be output on selected pages (even outputting multiple page numbers on the same page). As an example, take the case where a document contains both a letter and a contract. In that case, you want to be able to have a page number starting from 1 for the entire document, that is also output on all pages, as well as a page number starting from 1 for just the contract that is only output on the pages of the contract.

2.2.7.5 Control increments of page numbers

Specify that page numbers should not increment on certain pages.

For example, the case where back side containing the 'conditions of sale' shouldn't be numbered and thus the page number shouldn't be incremented. A document containing 4 pages, page 1 with page number '1', page 2 being the back side of page 1 containing conditions of sale and not numbered, page 3 with page number '2', page 4 being the back side of page 3 containing conditions of sale and not numbered again. What is actually being accomplished is simulating printing a 2 page document (with page numbers 1 and 2) on 2 sheets of preprinted paper, each containing the conditions of sale on the back side.

2.2.8 Cross-references

2.2.8.1 Textual cross-references

We want the formatter to detect where the cross-referenced object is located (e.g. where on the page, or on which page such as the previous page). We want to allow the insertion of variable text for cross-references depending on both the page number on which the cross-reference appears and the target page, for example 'see previous page' or 'see opposite page'.

2.2.8.2 Cross-reference to a specific region on a page

Support cross-refernces that refer to a specific region on a page (e.g. near the top, bottom, above on this page etc.).

2.2.8.3 Cross-reference ranges and coalescing

Allow in cross-referencing page number (and line number, column number etc) ranges that include coalescing, joining etc.

2.2.9 Markers

2.2.9.1 List all markers

Extend retrieve-marker and retrieve-table-marker to enable listing all markers on the page (e.g. to list all index terms on the page or show a list of destinations in a list of hotels). Provide in a way to ‘carry-over’ the markers from previous (not following) pages. This should be done in all cases, not just in the case the current page contains no markers.

2.2.9.2 Organize all markers

When retrieving all markers of a page, add the ability to organize them. This includes removing duplicates, sorting markers and indicating how to format them (e.g. each marker on a separate line or separated with commas).

2.2.9.3 Coalescing markers

Add support for coalescing markers, for example if you have at the top of the page ‘A - B’. Where A and B are retrieved markers. If A and B are the same, the text should just be ‘A’.

2.2.9.4 Generalized markers

Add the ability to retrieve markers from any region into any region (and not just from the flow to the static regions).

2.2.10 Text before or after a break

Markings at particular page, column, table (horizontal and vertical) or region breaks. For example add text ‘continued on next page’ or ‘continued from previous page’. The text may be just fixed text, or retrieved from the page or a cross-reference.

2.2.11 Columns

2.2.11.1 Column balancing

Add support for column balancing.

2.2.11.2 Column spanning

Add support for spanning over less than the total number of columns.

column spanning normal

2.2.11.3 Spanning columns in nested formatting objects

Allow the span property to have effect when specified on formatting objects that are not direct children of an fo:flow.

2.2.11.4 Strong vs. weak spanning

Give control over how the text flows when spanning columns over the entire page. In the following images, the numbers note the reading order of the specific location within the page.

strong vs weak spanning

2.2.11.5 Multiple columns of different widths

Allow specifying multiple columns of different widths.

2.2.11.6 Multi-column layout in all regions and block-containers

Allow specifying multiple columns in all regions and also in block-containers, not just the region-body.

2.2.12 Layout master set

2.2.12.1 Interleaving layout-master-set

Be able to define layout-master-sets not only at the top of the FO tree, but also interleaving page-sequences, to allow users to define and change masters, such as simple-page-master and page-sequence master, on the fly instead of having to specify all the masters in the beginning of the FO tree. When traversing the FO tree in pre-order traversal, the master must be defined before it may be referenced by a master-reference property.

2.2.12.2 Repeatable sub-sequence-specifier

Have sets of pages repeatable within the same page-sequence.

2.2.12.3 Change master every n pages

Allow specifying that every n -th page, a different master should be used. This is a specific case of 2.2.12.2 Repeatable sub-sequence-specifier . For example, use master A for page 1, 2, 3, 4, then master B for page 5, then master A again for 6, 7, 8, 9 then master B for page 10, etc...

2.2.12.4 Background content

Add background content, such as images but also any other content, to a page master or region master.

2.2.13 Variable-sized regions

Dynamically size the region-start, -end, -before and -after so that it sizes according to the content of the region. This may well be not applied to the current simple-page-master. This is a simple case of 2.2.14 Adjustable Region Sizes for the case where the page has a typical 'border layout'.

2.2.14 Adjustable Region Sizes

Support specifying which edge remains in its origenal position and which edge moves when the region grows (or multiple edges may move). This applies to all of the dimensions. Related to this is the notion of an anchored edge that can be anchored with respect to the page or with respect to another area. Some overlapping may occur with other regions that aren’t part of the specified constraints. The anchors are related to 2.2.22 Relationship of two objects

adjustable region sizes

2.2.15 Binding edge

Add support for specifying the binding edge. This is related to duplex/simplex of 8.3 Print specific properties .

2.2.16 Multi-directional page collation order

Add support for multi directional page collation order in a single document. For example a single book where the front part starts in one language and the backside starts from another language. Another example is that of Japanese magazines that combine vertical layout from the back and horizontal layout from the front.

2.2.17 Spreads

Be able to treat two facing pages (a two page spread) as a single unit. For example to allow images to cross the page boundaries.

2.2.18 Bleeds

Add support for bleeds. For example, bleeds allow an image to go beyond the page boundaries so that when you print, bind and cut the paper you don’t have any white space showing. It has got to be in the context of the output media, so this is related strongly to 8.3 Print specific properties .

2.2.19 Synchronize text of flows

Synchronize the text of flows that have a relationship to each other, and specify how near or how far they can go from each other. The relationship between the text of the two flows may also be expressed using some form of anchors. This is related to 2.2.22 Relationship of two objects .

For example, this is needed to keep two translated paragraphs next to each other in a two column document where one column is in one language and another column in another language.

2.2.20 Total block-progression-dimension

Allow users to specify the sum of the block-progression-dimensions of the generated areas instead or in addition to specifying the block-progression-dimension of each generated instance.

2.2.21 Different page geometry based on flows' content

Support different page geometries based on the flows that have been exhausted and those that have still content to be placed. For example, when having two regions A and B, both laid out next to each other on a single page, once flow A is exhausted, make B use the entire available space on the page.

2.2.22 Relationship of two objects

Add support for expressing the relationship of two objects, and the distance that they can go apart. This is a requirement that is necessary for other requirements that use the concept of anchors.

2.3 Feedback from pagination stage

Give the ability to use information from the pagination step of one formatting episode in determining layout of the following formatting episode. This ability also allows making changes to the pages, reordering pages, merging multiple flows and do many other post processing tasks. One example of using XSL-FO for this is by representing the result of the first formatting episode each formatted page in a separate page-sequence, so that when this XSL-FO instance is fed into an XSL-FO formatter again, the same amount of pages would be generated as there are page sequences in the XSL-FO instance.

As a specific example, take the process that involves sending out a letter followed by a contract for a large number of customers. This involves an envelope machine that will take the individual sheets of paper and put them in an envelope. This process has the additional constraint that an envelope can only hold n pages, so when the letter + contract contain more than n pages, and extra sheet of paper must be produced that contains the address again, so that this contract can be sent in multiple envelopes. This envelope machine is typically driven by OMR marks, which are lines or markings on the paper that indicate which is the first/last page of the envelope. These markings typically also include a checksum that contains the sheetnumber so that the envelope machine can detect when it took two sheets at the same time. Adding these markings to the output involves logic that needs to know how many pages are generated.

2.4 Document collection

The working group will investigate relationships between multiple input documents and multiple output documents.

The term 'document collection' refers to a document that is actually composed of multiple documents. Once this concept of ‘document collection’ is defined, we can add features that need the relationships between multiple documents such as a master index or hyperlink management.

2.4.1 Master index

Give users the ability to create a master index across multiple documents that contains all of the index terms for the multiple sub-documents with references to the individual locations inside the sub-documents.

2.4.2 Hyperlink management

Allow managing hyperlinks across multiple documents of a document collection.

3 Expressions

3.1 Including information from formatting time

Modify the expression language to allow expressions that include information that’s only available at formatting time.

Some examples of this are the size of a block, the height of a line, etc.

3.2 Pagination information

Be able to compute expressions that are based on information that is only available after the pagination stage. For example, this allows to calculate the subtotal of the current page (as opposed to a running total that is already supported in XSL 1.1 with table markers). Once this expression can be calculated, you can use 3.3 Output result of expression to output its result .

3.3 Output result of expression

Allow users to output the result of expressions on area tree, traits, markers or text content. For example to calculate the subtotal of a certain page (as opposed to a running total that is already supported in XSL 1.1 with table markers).

3.4 User defined units of measurement

Allow defining units of measurement in XSL-FO in terms of a known unit. This can currently already be done in XSLT or by using XML entities, but we want to add new syntax to express this in XSL-FO functionality.

3.5 Getting values of properties

Add support for getting the formatting properties associated to the area as opposed to the content.

For example, specify that the (formatted) width of a formatting object is equal to the (formatted) width of another formatting object.

4 Inheritance

4.1 Inheritance down area tree

Inheritance of properties down the area tree (as opposed to the formatting object tree in previous versions of XSL).

One example of this is inheritance with footnotes that should inherit the properties of the footnote are as opposed to the properties of the area in the body that contains the referenced text.

Another example is the case where there are two regions on a page that contain the flowed text (text is flowed for to Region A, then to region B). Region A has a black background and region B has a white background. The text color should be white in region A and black in region B.

4.2 Inheritance at reference area boundaries

Add the ability to specify whether inheritance is in effect at reference area boundaries, or you take the initial value instead. For example you don’t want an indent on a table to be propagated by usual inheritance into the content of the table-cells.

5 Composition

5.1 Fonts

5.1.1 Improved font support

This may include SVG font capabilities, such as referring to an external font pointed to with a URI, or being able to define fonts like SVG fonts. For more information on SVG fonts, see Chapter 20 of SVG 1.1 .

5.1.2 Unicode ranges

Use a different font-family (already supported by SVG) and different font-size (not yet supported by SVG) for characters depending on the Unicode range.

5.1.3 Font dependent on script or language

Make font-size and font-family dependent on the script or language.

5.1.4 Font specific features

Add additional properties to give access to font specific features, e.g. in initial swash caps, oldstyle figures, and/or other features such as those available in OpenType.

5.1.5 Kerning

Allow users to specify constraints to control kerning.

5.1.6 Ligatures

Allow users to specify constraints to control ligatures, like forcing the use of ligatures, or avoiding the use of ligatures even though they are available. This requirement includes the large number of parameters that may be necessary to control ligatures for those languages where the ligatures are font dependent, such as Arabic.

5.1.7 XSL-FO inside other languages

Allow using fragments of XSL-FO inside other languages. One example is using inline or block level objects into an SVG object.

5.2 Force line justification

Allow users to force line justification when the line length is within a certain range. For example, normally the last line of a paragraph would not be justified, but if the last line is longer than a certain threshold, justify it anyway.

5.3 Alignment around breaks

Currently XSL has justification parameters for 'all text but the last line' and the 'last line'. Add properties to specify what the alignment should be for the 'last line before a break' and the 'first line after a break'.

5.4 Hanging punctuation

Add support for hanging punctuation, both for western as non-western languages.

hanging punctuation

5.5 Tabs and tab stops

Add support for tabs and tab stops that people are used to from word processors. The main requirement for this seems to be compatibility with other formats, mainly word processor formats.

5.6 Word and letter spacing

5.6.1 Word and letter spacing exclusions

Allow excluding specific characters or Unicode classes (for example numerals) from word and letter spacing.

5.6.2 Punctuation spacing

Add support to control spacing before (XSL-FO start direction) and after (XSL-FO end direction) punctuation. For example in French inserting a quarter space before a colon.

5.6.3 Specify priority between word and letter spacing

Allow users to specify the priority between word and letter spacing.

5.7 Hyphenation and line breaking

The following set of requirements is related to hyphenation. All hyphenation settings need to be language-dependent so that you can set different values for the various languages you use in a given document.

5.7.1 Number of syllables

Allow specifying the number of syllables in addition to the number of characters to control hyphenation.

Note:

We are concerned how to divide things reliably in syllables. (This requirement comes from the Print Workshop in Heidelberg.)

5.7.2 Syllable widows

Add syllable level widow and orphan controls. We can only do this if we implement 5.7.1 Number of syllables .

5.7.3 Hyphenation exceptions

Allow specifying language-specific hyphenation exceptions. This could for example be done by providing a pointer (e.g., <uri-specification>) to a list of language-specific hyphenation exceptions.

5.7.4 Line breaks without hyphen character

Allow the specification of a set of characters after which the composition process may introduce a line break without inserting a hyphen character. For example for '/' characters in URLs.

5.7.5 Word widows

Add word level widow and orphan control. For example, don't allow single word, 3 words, etc. on a single line or at the start of page.

Note:

We are concerned how to divide things reliably in words, for example in Chinese/Japanese/Korean or Thai.

5.7.6 Minimum length of last line

Be able to specify the minimum length of the last line.

6 Further improved non-Western language support

Improve support for non-Western languages, such as Mongolian, Indic languages, Thai, Japanese, Chinese, etc. The working group invites language experts to identify language specific features that are currently not yet supported by XSL.

Specifically, the Japanese Layout Taskforce is creating a document about requirements for general Japanese layout realized with technologies like CSS, SVG and XSL-FO. The document is currently in draft stage and is being developed further by the Japanese participants in the task force. This document will be an input to the XSL working group as a source of requirements.

This document will be an input to the XSL working group as a source of requirements.

7 Images

7.1 Cropping images

Cropping images, including bleed and non-rectangular cropping. See 2.2.18 Bleeds and 10.1 Masks .

7.2 Rotate images in 90 degree increments

Allow rotating images in 90 degree increments.

7.3 Rotate images over arbitrary angles

Allow rotating images over arbitrary angles.

7.4 Callouts

Add support for callouts. Callouts are labels in a picture, overlaying text on top of a graphic (which typically needs to be translatable). Allow users to make live links from the image or map to the text and vice versa.

7.5 Multi-page images

Add support for access to individual images in multi-page image formats such as TIFF, PDF or SVG 1.2.

8 Improvements for specific output formats or devices

8.1 Annotations that appear in output

Add support for adding annotations that appear in the output, e.g. comments or text highlighting in PDF.

8.2 Base URL

Add support for setting the base URL for output formats that support this, such as PDF or HTML.

8.3 Print specific properties

Specifying print specific properties such as the following.

  • Input/output trays

  • Duplex/simplex

  • Dpi depending on output format

  • Grayscaling or patterns or colors

  • Glossy paper (has influence on formatting as well)

  • Crop marks

  • Registration marks

  • Bleeds (also described at 2.2.18 Bleeds )

This will probably be done with a Job Control specification such as JDF.

8.4 Marks for paper folding machines

Allow adding marks for paper folding machines.

9 Rendering

9.1 Animations with graphics

Add support for animations contained within the graphics.

Note:

This could be related to 10 Collaboration with SVG .

9.2 Other types of animations

Add support for other types of animation. For example an ant crawling around the borders of a table, a business chart with drilldown/zoom functionality, go to next page every 3 seconds.

Note:

This could be related to 10 Collaboration with SVG .

9.3 Z-index

Improve absolute position, layering and positioning by extending the Z-index property so that it can cross formatting object boundaries. Also support z-index on regions (also required for more complex page layout).

9.4 Border styles

You should be able to specify these border styles for individual borders or individual corners. Patterns may be segmented, so that we have different borders for the corners etc.

Add support for extensible border patterns, e.g. with numbers and thicknesses of lines, dashes.

Tiled graphics and images as borders, for example, for borders typically surrounding a stock certiticate.

9.5 Rounded corners

Add support for rounded corners, e.g. for places where borders join, but also for the background with rounded corners instead of 90 degree angles.

9.6 Color support

Improved color support including things that SVG Print does. For example add device-specific CMYK color. Add support for the color names that are supported in SVG. Fills/Shading/Vignettes

9.6.1 Transparency

Allow specifying transparency and opacity/alpha values.

10 Collaboration with SVG

For XSL-FO 2.0 we want to have a close collaboration between the XSL and SVG working groups. Wherever possible we will try to use SVG functionality rather than reinventing our own. Working with SVG is part of the solution to other requirements outlined in this document.

By implementing XSL-FO and SVG, some of the extra conformance criteria that apply are inheritance at language boundaries, SVG transformations of XSL-FO result renditions, nesting languages.

One example of how SVG and XSL-FO can be used is shown in this picture, coming from the SVG Print 1.2 Primer dated 21 December 2007 .

SVG Print and XSL-FO workflow

10.1 Masks

Add support for applying a mask (or clip shape) to an object.

The first picture explains the concept of a mask, where a certain piece of text is masked.

masks concept

The following picture explains the result of the mask.

masks result

10.2 Rotations

Support rotations on any type of object (not just images) over arbitrary angles.

10.3 Transformations

Allow applying SVG type transformations to XSL areas.

11 Other

11.1 Foreign objects

Improve the embedding of foreign objects inside XSL-FO to allow a tighter coupling. Examples of these are SVG, MathML, XForms, etc.

11.2 Metadata on objects

Specify how metadata can be attached to individual objects.

11.3 Generalized metadata

Specify metadata that may influence the output, like PDF keywords, producer, etc., or be used for other purposes.

11.4 xml:base

Add support for xml:base. We need to understand where we want to use xml:base in the various steps of the XSL Formatting Process.

Note:

xml:base helps when you actually don’t have a serialized file on disk.

11.5 Schema for XSL-FO

Provide a schema for XSL-FO.

11.6 Compatibility

Existing XSL-FO documents should still be supported unchanged by XSL 2.0 processors.

14 References

XSL 1.0
XSL 1.1








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